How to execute a Shell command with Python

The first and the most straight forward approach to run a shell command is by using os.system():

1. import os os. system('ls -l')
2. import os stream = os. ...
3. import subprocess process = subprocess. ...
4. with open('test.txt', 'w') as f: process = subprocess. ...
5. import shlex shlex. ...
6. process = subprocess. ...
7. process.